A ceiling fan is a device suspended from the ceiling of a room, which employs hub-mounted rotating paddles to circulate air in order to move air.
Most ceiling fans can be used in two different ways - for heating or cooling. Most fans have a mechanism, commonly an electrical switch, for reversing the direction in which the blades rotate.
In summer, when the fan's direction of rotation is set so that air is blown downward (typically counter-clockwise except for the fan with the blade tilting different way, when standing under the fan and looking upwards), the breeze created by a ceiling fan speeds the evaporation of sweat on human skin, which is experienced as a cooling effect.
In winter, buildings in colder climates are usually heated. Air naturally stratifies — that is, warmer air rises to the ceiling while cooler air sinks to the floor. A ceiling fan, with its direction of rotation set so that air is drawn upward (typically clockwise except for the fan with the blade tilting different way), mixes the warm at the ceiling with cooler air near the floor, warming up the living space. This allows homeowners to set their thermostat a few degrees lower in winter to save on energy without losing out on comfort.
There is an exception to the standard rule of blowing down in the summer and up in the winter. When a ceiling fan is mounted in a room with very high ceilings that are two stories/levels high. The mode of operation is reversed. In this scenario the fan is mounted so high up that there is no significant "wind chill effect". The purpose then becomes to move hot air down in the winter and pull cold air up in the summer.
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